Ohio's 9th congressional district

Ohio's 9th congressional district
	Ohio's 9th congressional district since January 3, 2013
	Marcy Kaptur; D–Toledo
Distribution	86.02% urban; 13.98% rural;
Population (2016)	706,201
Median income	$43,182
Ethnicity	73.04% white; 17.03% black; 1.51% Asian; 11.31% Hispanic; 0.23% Native American;
Cook PVI	D+14

Ohio's 9th congressional district has been represented by Representative Marcy Kaptur (D) since 1983.

This district is in the northern part of the state, bordering Michigan and Ontario, Canada (via Lake Erie), and includes portions of Cuyahoga, Erie, Lorain, Lucas, and Ottawa counties. Due to redistricting by the Republican-controlled state legislature following the 2010 state elections, the 9th district absorbed part of western Cuyahoga County^[3] pitting 10th district Democratic incumbent Dennis Kucinich against Kaptur in the 2012 Democratic primary.^[4]^[5]^[6]

The redesigned 9th district has been called "The Snake by the Lake" (due to its long and skinny appearance on the map)^[7] and one of the "Top 5 Ugliest Districts" due to gerrymandering. The two portions of the district are only connected via a bridge between Erie and Ottawa counties, as well as Crane Creek State Park. Some Ohio Democrats argued that when the beach floods, the reconfigured 9th is not contiguous.^[8]

It was one of several districts challenged in a 2018 lawsuit seeking to overturn Ohio's congressional map as unconstitutional gerrymandering.^[9] According to the lawsuit, the 9th "eats its way across the southern border of Lake Erie" while fragmenting Cleveland and Toledo.^[10]

List of largest municipalities[edit]

All or part of ten cities (whose population is greater than 5,000) are in the district.

The largest municipalities^[11] represented in this district include:

Toledo, population 313,619
Lorain, population 64,097
Lakewood, population 52,131
Sandusky, population 27,844
Avon Lake, population 22,816
Oregon, population 19,355
Sylvania, population 18,971
Maumee, population 14,286

Election results from presidential races[edit]

Year	Office	Result
2000	President	Al Gore 55% - George W. Bush 41%
2004	President	John Kerry 58% - George W. Bush 42%
2008	President	Barack Obama 66.8% - John McCain 31.6%
2012	President	Barack Obama 67.6% - Mitt Romney 30.9%
2016	President	Hillary Clinton 58.7% - Donald Trump 36.5%

List of members representing the district[edit]

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
District created		March 4, 1823
Philemon Beecher	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825	18th 19th 20th	Elected in 1822. Re-elected in 1824. Re-elected in 1826. Lost re-election.
Philemon Beecher	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1829	18th 19th 20th
William W. Irvin	Jacksonian	March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1833	21st 22nd	Elected in 1828. [Data unknown/missing.]
John Chaney	Jacksonian	March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837	23rd 24th 25th	[Data unknown/missing.]
John Chaney	Democratic	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839	23rd 24th 25th	[Data unknown/missing.]
William Medill	Democratic	March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1843	26th 27th	[Data unknown/missing.]
Elias Florence	Whig	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845	28th	[Data unknown/missing.]
Augustus L. Perrill	Democratic	March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1847	29th	[Data unknown/missing.]
Thomas O. Edwards	Whig	March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849	30th	[Data unknown/missing.]
Edson B. Olds	Democratic	March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853	31st 32nd	[Data unknown/missing.] Redistricted to the 12th district.
Frederick W. Green	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	Redistricted from the 6th district. [Data unknown/missing.]
Cooper K. Watson	Opposition	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	34th	[Data unknown/missing.]
Lawrence W. Hall	Democratic	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859	35th	[Data unknown/missing.]
John Carey	Republican	March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861	36th	[Data unknown/missing.]
Warren P. Noble	Democratic	March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1865	37th 38th	[Data unknown/missing.]
Ralph P. Buckland	Republican	March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1869	39th 40th	[Data unknown/missing.]
Edward F. Dickinson	Democratic	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1871	41st	[Data unknown/missing.]
Charles Foster	Republican	March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873	42nd	[Data unknown/missing.] Redistricted to the 10th district.
James W. Robinson	Republican	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875	43rd	[Data unknown/missing.]
Earley F. Poppleton	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877	44th	[Data unknown/missing.]
John S. Jones	Republican	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879	45th	[Data unknown/missing.]
George L. Converse	Democratic	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881	46th	[Data unknown/missing.] Redistricted to the 12th district.
James S. Robinson	Republican	March 4, 1881 – January 12, 1885	47th 48th	[Data unknown/missing.] Resigned to become Ohio Secretary of State.
Vacant		January 12, 1885 – March 3, 1885	48th
William C. Cooper	Republican	March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1891	49th 50th 51st	[Data unknown/missing.]
Joseph H. Outhwaite	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893	52nd	Redistricted from the 13th district. Redistricted to the 12th district.
Byron F. Ritchie	Democratic	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895	53rd	[Data unknown/missing.]
James H. Southard	Republican	March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1907	54th 55th 56th 57th 58th 59th	[Data unknown/missing.]
Isaac R. Sherwood	Democratic	March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1921	60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th	[Data unknown/missing.]
William W. Chalmers	Republican	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923	67th	[Data unknown/missing.]
Isaac R. Sherwood	Democratic	March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1925	68th	[Data unknown/missing.]
William W. Chalmers	Republican	March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1931	69th 70th 71st	[Data unknown/missing.]
Wilbur M. White	Republican	March 4, 1931 – March 3, 1933	72nd	[Data unknown/missing.]
Warren J. Duffey	Democratic	March 4, 1933 – July 7, 1936	73rd 74th	Elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Died.
Vacant		July 7, 1936 – January 3, 1937	74th
John F. Hunter	Democratic	January 3, 1937 – January 3, 1943	75th 76th 77th	Elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Lost re-election.
Homer A. Ramey	Republican	January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1949	78th 79th 80th	Elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Lost re-election.
Thomas Henry Burke	Democratic	January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1951	81st	Elected in 1948. Lost renomination.
Frazier Reams	Independent	January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1955	82nd 83rd	Elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Lost re-election.
Thomas L. Ashley	Democratic	January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1981	84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th	Elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Lost re-election.
Ed Weber	Republican	January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1983	97th	Elected in 1980. Lost re-election.
Marcy Kaptur	Democratic	January 3, 1983 – Present	98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th	Elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018.

Election results[edit]

The following chart shows historic election results. Bold type indicates victor. Italic type indicates incumbent.

Year	Democratic	Republican	Other
1920	Isaac R. Sherwood: 38,292	Y William W. Chalmers (Incumbent): 49,732	Karl E. Pauli: 47
1922	Y Isaac R. Sherwood: 45,059	William W. Chalmers (Incumbent): 42,712	(none)
1924	Isaac R. Sherwood (Incumbent): 48,482	Y William W. Chalmers: 54,792	Millard Price (Prohibition): 2,159 John Kocinski: 747
1926	C. W. Davis: 23,947	Y William W. Chalmers (Incumbent): 47,331	George F. Parrish (TRI): 1,110 Millard Price (Socialist): 1,018
1928	William P. Clarke: 50,601	Y William W. Chalmers (Incumbent): 82,560	Charles V. Stephenson (Workers): 190
1930	Scott Stahl: 36,375	Y Wilbur M. White: 49,498	(none)
1932	Y Warren J. Duffey: 56,755	Wilbur M. White (Incumbent): 54,078	Silas E. Hurin: 4,200 Clyde E. Kiker: 2,135 Karl Pauli (Socialist): 1,314 Eugene Stoll (Communist): 620
1934	Y Warren J. Duffey (Incumbent): 61,037	Frank L. Mulholland: 35,732	Kenneth Eggert (Communist): 684 Karl Pauli (Socialist): 510
1936	Y John F. Hunter: 75,737	Raymond E. Hildebrand: 55,043	Earl O. Lehman: 3,739
1938	Y John F. Hunter (Incumbent): 56,306	Homer A. Ramey: 55,441	(none)
1940	Y John F. Hunter (Incumbent): 86,956	Wilbur M. White: 71,927	(none)
1942	John F. Hunter (Incumbent): 44,027	Y Homer A. Ramey: 47,377	(none)
1944	John F. Hunter: 77,693	Y Homer A. Ramey (Incumbent): 82,735	(none)
1946	Michael DiSalle: 59,057	Y Homer A. Ramey (Incumbent): 59,394	(none)
1948	Y Thomas H. Burke: 85,409	Homer A. Ramey (Incumbent): 73,394	(none)
1950	Thomas H. Burke (Incumbent): 45,268	Homer A. Ramey: 43,301	Y Frazier Reams (Independent): 51,024
1952	Thomas H. Burke: 61,047	Gilmore Flues: 46,989	Y Frazier Reams (Independent, Incumbent): 74,821
1954	Y Thomas L. Ashley: 48,471	Irving C. Reynolds: 39,933	Frazier Reams (Independent, Incumbent): 44,656
1956	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent):	Harvey G. Straub: 81,562	(none)
1958	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 102,115	William K. Gernheuser: 63,660	(none)
1960	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 108,688	Howard C. Cook: 82,433	(none)
1962	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 86,443	Martin A. Janis: 64,279	(none)
1964	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 109,167	John O. Celusta: 64,401	(none)
1966	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 83,261	Jane M. Kuebbeler: 53,777	(none)
1968	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 85,280	Ben Marsh: 63,290	(none)
1970	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 82,777	Allen H. Shapiro: 33,947	(none)
1972	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 110,450	Joseph C. Richards: 49,388	(none)
1974	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 64,831	Carty Finkbeiner: 57,892	(none)
1976	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 91,040	Carty Finkbeiner: 73,919	Edward S. Emery: 1,533 Lynn Galonsky: 1,477
1978	Y Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 71,709	John C. Hoyt: 34,326	Edward S. Emery: 2,563 Michael James Lewinski: 4,530
1980	Thomas L. Ashley (Incumbent): 68,728	Y Ed Weber: 96,927	Edward S. Emery: 4,357 Toby Elizabeth Emmerich: 2,411
1982	Y Marcy Kaptur: 95,162	Ed Weber (Incumbent): 64,459	David Muir (Libertarian): 1,217 Susan A. Skinner: 1,785 James J. Somers: 1,594
1984	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 117,985	Frank Venner: 93,210	Other: 3,714
1986	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 105,646	Mike Shufeldt: 30,643	(none)
1988	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 157,557	Al Hawkins: 36,183	(none)
1990	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 117,681	Jerry D. Lammers: 33,791	(none)
1992	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 178,879	Ken D. Brown: 53,011	Edward Howard: 11,162
1994	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 118,120	R. Randy Whitman: 38,665	(none)
1996	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 170,617	R. Randy Whitman: 46,040	Elizabeth A. Slotnick (Natural Law): 4,677
1998	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 130,793	Edward S. Emery: 30,312	(none)
2000	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 168,547	Dwight E. Bryan: 49,446	Galen Fries (Libertarian): 4,239 Dennis Slotnick (Natural Law): 3,096
2002	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 132,236	Edward S. Emery: 46,481	(none)
2004	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 199,528	Larry A. Kaczala: 93,930	(none)
2006	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 153,880	Brad Leavitt: 55,119	(none)
2008	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 210,822	Brad Leavitt: 73,610	(none)
2010	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 121,819	Rich Iott: 83,423	(none)
2012	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 217,775	Joe Wurzelbacher: 68,666	Sean Stipe (Libertarian): 11,725
2014^[12]	Y Marcy Kaptur (Incumbent): 106,338	Richard May: 50,792	Cory Hoffman, George A. Skalsky (Both Write-in): 0

Accusations of gerrymandering[edit]

The current district lines were drawn in 2011, following the redistricting based on the 2000 census.^[11] The boundaries of the 9th district have been cited as a signature example of the partisan gerrymandering of the Ohio redistricting.^[9] A lawsuit challenging the redistricting referred to the shape of District 9 as "the snake on the lake,"^[13]^[7] and it has been referred to as one of the United States' "Top 5 Ugliest Districts" due to gerrymandering.^[8]

Historical district boundaries[edit]

2003 - 2013

References[edit]

^ https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=39&cd=09
^ "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
^ "Ohio's 9th congressional district elections, 2012". Ballotpedia. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
^ Alex M. Parker (February 9, 2012). "Friendly Fire Coming in House Re-Elections?". U.S. News and World Report.
^ Andrea Billups (February 6, 2012). "Kaptur, Kucinich face off in Ohio". The Washington Times.
^ Kevin Milliken (January 16, 2012). "Kaptur, Kucinich square off for one congressional seat". La Prensa.
^ ^a ^b "Kill the Snake by the Lake", Toledo Blade, Jan. 16, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Shira Toeplitz (November 10, 2011). "Top 5 Ugliest Districts: Partisan Gerrymandering 101". Roll Call.
^ ^a ^b Todd Ruger, "Voters Challenge Ohio Congressional Map as Partisan Gerrymander", Roll Call, May 23, 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
^ Ohio A. Philip Randolph Institute et al., v. John Kasich, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO, filed 05/23/2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
^ ^a ^b U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.
^ http://www.sos.state.oh.us/SOS/elections/Research/electResultsMain/2014Results.aspx
^ Ohio A. Philip Randolph Institute et al., v. John Kasich, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO, filed 05/23/2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

Coordinates: 41°30′N 82°54′W / 41.500°N 82.900°W / 41.500; -82.900

[1] ttps://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=39&cd=09

[Cook-2] "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.

[3] "Ohio's 9th congressional district elections, 2012". Ballotpedia. Retrieved February 12, 2012.

[4] Alex M. Parker (February 9, 2012). "Friendly Fire Coming in House Re-Elections?". U.S. News and World Report.

[5] Andrea Billups (February 6, 2012). "Kaptur, Kucinich face off in Ohio". The Washington Times.

[6] Kevin Milliken (January 16, 2012). "Kaptur, Kucinich square off for one congressional seat". La Prensa.

[blade_2018-7] "Kill the Snake by the Lake", Toledo Blade, Jan. 16, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.

[Toeplitz-8] Shira Toeplitz (November 10, 2011). "Top 5 Ugliest Districts: Partisan Gerrymandering 101". Roll Call.

[Ruger2018-9] Todd Ruger, "Voters Challenge Ohio Congressional Map as Partisan Gerrymander", Roll Call, May 23, 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.

[10] Ohio A. Philip Randolph Institute et al., v. John Kasich, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO, filed 05/23/2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.

[census_2000-11] U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.

[12] ttp://www.sos.state.oh.us/SOS/elections/Research/electResultsMain/2014Results.aspx

[13] Ohio A. Philip Randolph Institute et al., v. John Kasich, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO, filed 05/23/2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.

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