Kutubuan languages

Kutubuan
Laku Kutubu
Geographic distribution	Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classification	Papuan Gulf ? Kikorian Kutubuan
Subdivisions	East Kutubuan West Kutubuan
Glottolog	None

The Kutubuan languages are a pair of neighboring languages families in Papua New Guinea. There has been some debate over whether they are closer to each other than to other languages, but Usher includes them both in the Kikorian branch of the Papuan Gulf stock.

They are named after Lake Kutubu in Papua New Guinea.

Languages[edit]

• East Kutubuan
  • Foe, Fiwaga
• West Kutubuan
  • Fasu, Some, Namumi

Evolution[edit]

Kutubu reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:^[1]

Foi language:

• gage- ‘carry on back’ < *kak(i,u)
• ku- ‘die’ < *kumV-
• na- ‘eat’ < *na-
• korage ‘leg’ < *k(a,o)ondok[V]
• gariko ‘neck’ < *k(a,e)(nd,t)ak
• ira ‘tree’ < *inda
• kuba ‘wind’ < *kumbutu
• ya ‘bird’ < *yaka(i)
• babo ‘mother’s sister’ < *mbamba ‘older same sex sibling’

Fasu language:

• ku- ‘die’ < *kumV-
• na- ‘eat’ < *na-
• reke- ‘stand’ < ta,e,i)k[V]
• ama ‘mother’ < *am(a,i)
• apa ‘father’ < *apa
• himu ‘heart, stomach’ < *simb(i,u)
• iti ‘hair’ < *iti[C]
• korake ‘leg’ < *k(a,o)ndok[V]
• kinu ‘shoulder’ < *kinV
• kau ‘skin’ < *k(a,o)(nd,t)apu
• sikini ‘hand’ < *sa(ŋg,k)(a,i)l
• pisi ‘urine’ < *pisi
• mane(raka) ‘make the law’ < *mana ‘instructions’
• horop ‘long’ < *k(o,u)ti(mb,p)V
• api(a) ‘husband’ < *ambi ‘man’
• papa ‘mother’s sister’ < *mbamba ‘older same sex sibling’
• ira ‘tree’ < *inda
• sakipu ‘sand’ < *sa(ŋg,k)asiŋ
• kupa ‘wind’ < *kumbutu

References[edit]